🔄 Complex Passive Voice: Comunicación Formal Avanzada

La voz pasiva compleja es fundamental para la comunicación formal, académica y profesional. Te permite crear textos sofisticados, reportar información objetivamente y enfocar la atención en procesos y resultados en lugar de actores.

Al final de esta lección podrás: ✅ Usar voz pasiva en todos los tiempos verbales fluentemente ✅ Combinar voz pasiva con modales para expresar posibilidad y obligación ✅ Aplicar passive reporting para comunicación objetiva ✅ Dominar causative passive para servicios y acciones externas ✅ Escribir textos formales y académicos con estilo profesional

📚 Repaso Rápido: Voz Pasiva Básica

Recordatorio de la estructura básica: Activa: Subject + Verb + Object Pasiva: Object + be + past participle + (by + subject) Ejemplo: • Activa: The company hired 200 employees. • Pasiva: 200 employees were hired (by the company).

⏰ Voz Pasiva en Todos los Tiempos

Tiempo Verbal	Estructura Pasiva	Ejemplo
Present Simple	am/is/are + past participle	The report is written every month
Present Continuous	am/is/are + being + past participle	The report is being written now
Present Perfect	have/has + been + past participle	The report has been written
Past Simple	was/were + past participle	The report was written yesterday
Past Continuous	was/were + being + past participle	The report was being written
Past Perfect	had + been + past participle	The report had been written
Future Simple	will + be + past participle	The report will be written
Future Perfect	will + have + been + past participle	The report will have been written
Going to	am/is/are + going to + be + past participle	The report is going to be written

📝

Ejemplos en tiempos complejos

🏗️Present Perfect: The building has been renovated three times.
Presente perfecto: El edificio ha sido renovado tres veces.
📹Past Continuous: The meeting was being recorded when the power went out.
Pasado continuo: La reunión estaba siendo grabada cuando se fue la luz.
📊Future Perfect: By next year, all the data will have been analyzed.
Futuro perfecto: Para el próximo año, todos los datos habrán sido analizados.
🎯Past Perfect: The decision had been made before we arrived.
Pasado perfecto: La decisión había sido tomada antes de que llegáramos.

🎯 Voz Pasiva con Modales

Estructura con Modales: Presente/Futuro: Modal + be + past participle Pasado: Modal + have + been + past participle Ejemplos: • The problem can be solved easily. • The issue should have been addressed earlier.

📝

Modales + be + past participle (presente/futuro)

💻This software can be installed on any computer.
Este software puede ser instalado en cualquier computadora.
📝The contract must be signed by Friday.
El contrato debe ser firmado para el viernes.
📊The results may be published next week.
Los resultados pueden ser publicados la próxima semana.
🔄The system should be updated regularly.
El sistema debería ser actualizado regularmente.

📝

Modales + have been + past participle (pasado)

📧The email should have been sent yesterday.
El email debería haber sido enviado ayer.
🎯The project could have been completed sooner.
El proyecto podría haber sido completado antes.
⛈️The meeting might have been postponed due to bad weather.
La reunión podría haber sido pospuesta debido al mal tiempo.
🏛️The decision must have been made at the highest level.
La decisión debe haber sido tomada al más alto nivel.

♾️ Infinitivos Pasivos

Estructuras con Infinitivos Pasivos: To be + past participle: The report needs to be reviewed. To have been + past participle: The error seems to have been corrected. Patrones comunes: • It's important to be informed • She expects to be promoted • The work appears to have been completed

📝

Infinitivos pasivos en contexto

📄The documents need to be translated before the meeting.
Los documentos necesitan ser traducidos antes de la reunión.
📞She expects to be contacted by the recruitment team.
Ella espera ser contactada por el equipo de reclutamiento.
🏢The building appears to have been damaged by the storm.
El edificio parece haber sido dañado por la tormenta.
💾It's essential for the data to be backed up regularly.
Es esencial que los datos sean respaldados regularmente.

📰 Passive Reporting

El passive reporting te permite reportar información de manera objetiva sin mencionar la fuente específica. Es común en periodismo, informes académicos y comunicación formal.

Estructuras de Passive Reporting: It + passive reporting verb + that: • It is reported that sales have increased. • It was believed that the project would fail. Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive: • The company is said to be expanding. • The CEO was rumored to be resigning.

📝

It + passive reporting verb + that

🤝It is reported that the merger will be completed next month.
Se reporta que la fusión será completada el próximo mes.
📋It was announced that the new policy would take effect immediately.
Se anunció que la nueva política entraría en vigor inmediatamente.
🤖It is believed that artificial intelligence will revolutionize healthcare.
Se cree que la inteligencia artificial revolucionará la atención médica.
✅It has been confirmed that the event will proceed as planned.
Se ha confirmado que el evento procederá según lo planeado.

📝

Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive

🔬The scientist is said to have made a breakthrough discovery.
Se dice que el científico hizo un descubrimiento revolucionario.
💼The company is reported to be considering layoffs.
Se reporta que la empresa está considerando despidos.
🎙️The president is rumored to be planning a major announcement.
Se rumorea que el presidente está planeando un anuncio importante.
💡The technology is believed to be years ahead of its competitors.
Se cree que la tecnología está años por delante de sus competidores.

🔧 Causative Passive (Have/Get Something Done)

El causative passive expresa que alguien más hace algo para ti. Es común para servicios profesionales, reparaciones y trabajos especializados.

Estructuras Causativas: Have + object + past participle: • I had my car repaired. (Un mecánico reparó mi coche) Get + object + past participle: • She got her hair cut. (Un peluquero le cortó el cabello) Diferencia: 'Get' es más informal que 'have'

📝

Servicios profesionales

💻I need to have my computer fixed by a technician.
Necesito que un técnico arregle mi computadora.
💅She gets her nails done every two weeks.
Se hace las uñas cada dos semanas.
🏠We had the house painted last summer.
Hicimos pintar la casa el verano pasado.
👁️He's getting his eyes tested tomorrow.
Se va a hacer un examen de la vista mañana.

📝

Causative en diferentes tiempos

🚗Present: I have my car serviced every six months.
Presente: Hago revisar mi coche cada seis meses.
👰Past: She had her wedding dress made by a designer.
Pasado: Hizo que un diseñador le hiciera su vestido de novia.
📄Future: We'll have the document translated tomorrow.
Futuro: Haremos traducir el documento mañana.
🎨Present Perfect: They've had their logo redesigned.
Presente perfecto: Han hecho rediseñar su logo.

🚀 Patrones Avanzados

Gerundios Pasivos

📝

Being + past participle

🎉She enjoys being invited to exclusive events.
Disfruta ser invitada a eventos exclusivos.
😣Nobody likes being criticized in public.
A nadie le gusta ser criticado en público.
👏The feeling of being appreciated motivates employees.
La sensación de ser apreciado motiva a los empleados.
😟He's worried about being misunderstood.
Está preocupado por ser malentendido.

Participios Pasivos

📝

Participios como adjetivos

📊The information provided was extremely useful.
La información proporcionada fue extremadamente útil.
🏭Products manufactured in Germany have an excellent reputation.
Los productos fabricados en Alemania tienen una excelente reputación.
🔬The methods used in this study are innovative.
Los métodos utilizados en este estudio son innovadores.
👥Employees hired last year received extensive training.
Los empleados contratados el año pasado recibieron capacitación extensa.

📝 Voz Pasiva en Escritura Formal

Voz Pasiva en Textos Académicos: • Objetividad: Se enfocan en procesos, no en personas • Formalidad: Evita referencias directas (I, we, you) • Precisión: Describe metodologías y procedimientos • Autoridad: Presenta información como establecida Ejemplo académico: 'The experiment was conducted over six months. Data were collected weekly and analyzed using statistical software. The results were then compared with previous studies.'

Voz Pasiva en Comunicación Empresarial: • Diplomatismo: Evita asignar culpa directa • Profesionalismo: Mantiene tono formal y objetivo • Eficiencia: Se enfoca en acciones y resultados • Responsabilidad: Distribuye acciones organizacionalmente Ejemplo empresarial: 'The proposal has been reviewed by management. Concerns were raised regarding budget allocation. A revised version will be submitted next week.'

⚠️ Errores Comunes

Evita estos errores típicos: ❌ Error: The book was wrote by Shakespeare. ✅ Correcto: The book was written by Shakespeare. ❌ Error: It is being build a new hospital. ✅ Correcto: A new hospital is being built. ❌ Error: I have cut my hair. ✅ Correcto: I have had my hair cut. (por alguien más) ❌ Error: The meeting should be hold tomorrow. ✅ Correcto: The meeting should be held tomorrow. Reglas importantes: • Usa el past participle correcto • Mantén el orden correcto en causatives • No uses voz pasiva innecesariamente

💪 Práctica Intensiva

Ejercicio 1: Transforma a voz pasiva 1. The team will complete the project next month. 2. Scientists have discovered a new species. 3. Someone should have informed us about the changes. 4. They are renovating the building currently. 5. The company had launched the product before the competition.

Respuestas Ejercicio 1: 1. The project will be completed (by the team) next month. 2. A new species has been discovered (by scientists). 3. We should have been informed about the changes. 4. The building is being renovated currently. 5. The product had been launched before the competition.

Ejercicio 2: Causative Passive Completa con have/get + object + past participle: 1. I _______ (my car / service) every six months. 2. She _______ (her house / clean) twice a week. 3. We _______ (the documents / translate) yesterday. 4. He _______ (his suit / dry-clean) for the wedding. 5. They _______ (their website / redesign) last year.

Respuestas Ejercicio 2: 1. have my car serviced 2. gets her house cleaned 3. had the documents translated 4. got his suit dry-cleaned 5. had their website redesigned

🌍 Aplicación en el Mundo Real

Contextos Profesionales: 📊 Informes: 'The survey was conducted among 1,000 participants.' 📧 Emails: 'Your request has been forwarded to the appropriate department.' 📋 Procedimientos: 'All documents must be signed and submitted by Friday.' 🎯 Presentaciones: 'The strategy was developed based on market research.'

Contextos Académicos: 🔬 Metodología: 'The data were collected using standardized questionnaires.' 📚 Literatura: 'The novel was written during a period of social upheaval.' 📖 Análisis: 'The results have been analyzed and compared with previous studies.' 🎓 Tesis: 'The hypothesis was tested through controlled experiments.'

📋 Resumen de la Lección

Has dominado: ✅ Voz pasiva completa: Todos los tiempos verbales ✅ Modales pasivos: can be, should have been, etc. ✅ Infinitivos pasivos: to be done, to have been completed ✅ Passive reporting: It is said that..., He is believed to... ✅ Causative passive: have/get something done ✅ Escritura formal: Estilo académico y profesional Puntos clave: • La voz pasiva enfoca en acciones y resultados • Es esencial para comunicación formal y objetiva • Permite expresar diplomatismo y profesionalismo • Fundamental para escritura académica y empresarial

Próximos pasos: 📝 Practica escribiendo informes usando voz pasiva 📚 Lee textos académicos identificando patrones pasivos 💼 Aplica en emails y comunicación profesional 🗞️ Analiza artículos periodísticos con passive reporting ✍️ Redacta procedimientos usando estructuras pasivas Siguiente lección: Subjunctive Mood - expresar deseos, recomendaciones y situaciones hipotéticas con precisión.

🎉 ¡Excelente trabajo! 🎉 Has completado una de las herramientas más poderosas para la comunicación formal en inglés. La voz pasiva compleja te permite escribir y hablar con el profesionalismo y la objetividad de un experto. ¡Tu estilo de comunicación ha alcanzado un nivel verdaderamente sofisticado!

Complex Passive Voice

🎯 Objetivos

🔧 Habilidades

📋 Requisitos